My World Of English: กันยายน 2012

วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 13 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2555

Directions (page 68)

1.8 Visual Stimulus Comprehension

Here is a city map. Provide suitable directions to reach the destinations. You can use the expressions provided in the box.

1. from the hotel to the police station.

From the hotel turn right on the main road at Ventura Way. Go straight until you reach a main road which is Independence Boulevard. Turn left here. Drive a bit further. The police station is on your right.

2. from the park to the video shop

From the park turn right and go straight the Ventura way pass Gas station, Drug store, Hotel. Go straight till you see the post office and the video shop is on your left.

3. from the gas station to the post office
From the Gas station turn left on the main road to the Ventura Way. Turn right from the Ventura Way go pass The Hotel and you will see the Post office is on your left.

4. from the school to the hospital

From School go straight the Ventura Way and turn left at the Drug Store. Go straight till the intersection, turn right to The Independence Boulevard . The Hospital is on your left.

5. from the hospital to the bank
From The Hospital turn right to The Independence Boulevard. Go pass two intersection. The Bank is on your left, it opposite the apartment.

The parts of a hot air balloon. (page 70)

Parts of a hot air balloon

Envelope
This is the colourful part of the balloon. In modern balloons, it is made of reinforced heat-resistant nylon. It is coated on the inside with a layer of polyurethane or silicon which helps to retain heat and air. Between flights the envelope is folded and rolled and stored in a bag around 1.5 metres in diameter. The envelope is made up of panels between load tapes that run right through the envelope and attach to the basket. The load tapes carry all the strain in the envelope and the panels in between essentially just keep the air in. Hot air doesn't escape from the bottom of the envelope as buoyancy keeps it moving up.

Parachute valve
At the crown of the balloon is a large hole which is used to deflate the balloon on landing. Fortunately, during flight, this hole is sealed by a parachute valve. held in place by the pressure inside the balloon. The pilot can pull the parachute down out of hole via pulleys using the parachute valve cord that drops down to the basket.

Parachute valve cord
This allows the pilot to pull out the parachute valve to deflate the balloon.

Gores
These are panels of fabric cut at particulat angles which when sewn together form the shape of the balloon.

Panels
These make up the gores

Basket
This is where the passengers and pilot stand during flight. It also contains the tanks of propane which are connected to the burners overhead. Balloon baskets are generally still made from traditional woven willow branches as no modern material gives the same combination of lightness, strength and flexibility. Flexibility is especially important to absorb the impact on landing and save the knees of the passengers. Very strong steel cords pass through and underneath the basket and are attached to the load tapes of the envelope. The basket may also contain instruments such as an altimeter and a radio to aid the pilot in their flight.

Burner
The burner is fuelled by the propane tanks below and is usually made of stainless steel. It is supported by plastic support poles that fit into the basket and is also connected to the basket by way of steel cords. Both the envelope and basket are attached to the burner frame which must be strong.

Skirt
The very lowest part of the envelope is made from a flame resistant material and serves to deflect any wind from the burner flame allowing the flame to be directed staight up into the envelope. A scoop is a similar piece of fabric which directs air up into the mouth of the balloon helping the balloon to hold its shape.

Propane cylinders
These are located in the basket. The propane is highly compressed in the cylinders and so when released flows quickly through the hoses to the heating coil. On starting up the burner, the pilot will light a pilot light which ignites the propane which is in liquid form to begin with. As the flame burns, it heats up the metal in the surrounding tubing which converts the propane to a gas. Propane as a gas is a more efficient fuel and creates a stronger flame.

Study this diagram which shoes the parts of a hot air balloon. Complete the description of its parts given below.

The largest and most colourful part of the balloon is called the Envelope. The topmost part of the balloon has a large hole which is used to deflate the balloon on landing. This is called the Parachute Valve . The valve seals the hole. The lowest end of the envelope is the skirt made of flame-resistant material. It helps keep the flame directed straight up into the envelope.

To pull the parachute down out of the hole via pulleys, the pilot uses the Parachute Valve Cord that drop down to the basket. It is this cord that helps the pilot deflate the balloon. Gores are panels of fabric sewn together to form the shape of the balloon.

During the flight, the passengers and the pilot stand in the Wicker Basket made from woven willow branches for lightness, strength and flexibility. The Burners, usually made of stainless steel, are connected to the basket with steel cords. It is fuelled by Propane Tanks as propane as a gas is an efficient fuel and creates a stronger flame.

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Life Cycle of a Butterfly (page 69)

Understanding Diagrams

*Diagrams explain how things work, describe a process or different parts of an object.

*They can use arrows to show movement or labels to name the parts.

Study this diagrams and the text below on the lifecycle of butterfly.

A butterfly starts life from an egg. The larva or caterpillar hatches from

the egg and constantly feeds on leaves or flowers. The caterpillar loses

its old skin many times as it grows. It then transforms itself into pupa or

chrysalis; this is called the resting stage. Finally, a beautiful adult butterfly

emerges. The adult butterfly will continue the cycle.

Answer the following questions:

1. Insects begin their life as eggs.

2. Another name for 'pupa' is chrysalis.

3. In the caterpillar stage of the life cycle of a butterfly, the early

development and joining of the male and female hereditary

components take place.

4. This emerges from a chrysalis. Adult butterfly.

วันพุธที่ 12 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2555

Trees are Great (page 62-63)

Trees are Great

Trees are great,they just stand and wait

They don’t cry when they’re teased

They don’t eat much and they seldom shout

Trees are easily pleased

Trees are great, they like to congregate

For meetings in the park

They dance and sway, they stay all day

And talk till well after dark

Trees are great, they accept their fate

When it’s pouring down with rain

They don’t wear macs,it runs off their backs

But you never hear them complain

So answer me, please, if there weren’t any trees

Where would naughty boys climb?

Where would lovers carve their names?

Where would little birds nest?

Where would we hang the leaves?

Roger Mc Gough

Answer these questions.

a. What are the ways in which trees are different from humans?

They don't cry and don't eat much.

b. Why does the poet say that trees are easily pleased?

They seldom shout.

c. Give an example of how trees accept their fate without complaining?

They pouring down with rain.

d. In what ways will our lives be affected if there are no trees?

If there are no trees we won't have Oxygen for breathing.

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The Stars and Stripes (page 60-61)

The Stars and Stripes

Thirteen American colonies went to war on 4 July,1776.They wanted the right to run their own egan to people country.They knew they needed a flag of their own,but they did not have time to think

A year later,the war had not ended.Yet,people began to design a new flag anyway.Part of it would be blue with stars.The rest of the flag would be even more striking.It would have thirteen red and white stripes.Each star and each stripe representes a colony

Finally,the war ended.A new try was beginning to take shape and grow.The first official national flag,also known as the Stars anstars and stripes,was approved by the Congress in 1777.After Vermont and Kentucky were admitted to the Union in the 1790s,two more stripes were added in 1705.The fifteen-star,fifteen-stripe flag was the star-spangled banner that inspired lawyer Francis Scott Key to write the poem that later became the US national anthem.

More states were formed.So,more stars and stripeso were inclubed into the flag that could hardly find room for these additions.In 1818,Congess passed a new law.It was decided that the flag would have only thirteen stripes but the number of stars could be increased according to the number of states.

The flag of the United States has changed several times since 1777.The last new star,bringing the total to fifty,was added after Hawaii became a state.But the colours remain the same now as they were then-red,white and blue

Complete the sentences with the right answer

1.The American Flag has a star for each……………………….

a.state b.person c.colony d.country

2.The passage does not mention the…………………of the people who designed the earliest known flag.

a.nationality b.diversity c.majority d.identify

3.Which word in paragraph three means group of people elected to make laws

a.official b.colony c.national d.Congress

4.The US flag’s stars and stripes helped create the nation’s national anthem

a.True b.Not true c.Not Sure d.Partly True

5.In paragraph four,could hardly find room for means

a.did not have lines for more stars and stripes.

b. did not have cloth for more stars and stripes.

c. did not have space for more stars and stripes.

d. did not have colours for more stars and stripes.

6.Over the years,what has stayed the same in the American flag

a.the shape b.the colours c.the stars d.the people

Who is more powerful (page 54-57)

Who Is More Powerful?

There was a Traveller who set out on a long journey to a distant land.

He marched along deserted roads, whistling a tune to himself. He wore a thick, blown cloak and a back scarf. He looked up at the early morning sky. The sun’s pink radiance seemed to smile down at him. He felt a gentle wind against his cheeks and it ruffled his hair.

“ What a beautiful morning! ” said to himself and walked on cheerily.

The North Wind shook the heads of wayside bluebells and daisies. He was in a very good mood that morning too. He blew out a greeting to the Sun, “ Hello Sunshine! How are you doing this fine day? ”

“ As fine as the day I am painting with my pretty rainbow rays! ”

The North Wind drew his breath in sharply. He whistled up the sloping road and shook the silver birches that lined the path.

“ Hmmm. It is obvious you have not noted my presence. Today is such a fine day because I fan the leaves and stroke the blades of glass with my feather light touch, ” he declared.

The Sun snorted aloud. “What’s the world without the Sun? There will be no day or night without me. In fact, there will be no life it self if I go way.” The Wind was

P.55

annoyed. He did not want to be surpassed in his actions. “ Not so fast. Without me, there will be no movement. All life will come to a standstill. Without me, no one can even breathe,” he argued in a loud, harsh voice. Their conversation got hotter and shriller. Neither of them wanted to surrender their importance. Their quarrel over who was more powerful, soon took an unpleasant turn. A challenge was thrown. Each had to prove who was more powerful. Nothing less would solve the matter.

Meanwhile the Traveller had stopped under the shade of a tree for a bit of rest. The Sun and the Wind looked down at him.

“ Let us test our strength on him,” suggested the Sun. “ He is the stronger who can trip the Traveller of his cloak, “ he challenge with a wink of a sparlkling eye.

“ Very well.” growled the North Wind, and at once sent a cold, howling blast against the Traveller.

He blew up a storm of dry leaves from under the shade of the tree. The tree swayed furiously and the dust in the air stung the eyes of the Traveller.

He got up and brushed off the dry leaves stuck to his cloak. He did mot know he was shortly to become the centre of a mighty storm!

The North Wind began to blow stronger and harder. He rushed and pushed, roared and howled. The Traveller began to feel cold. He gathered the ends of his cloak and drew it close to his body. He tied the scarf tightly around his neck and trudged on. The North Wind grew red in the face as he whistled and shrieked around the Traveller. All his efforts went in vain. The Travveller only hunched his body up against the wind and dragged himself forward. He just would not take off the cloak. “ Oh, alright, alright! This Traveller is too stubborn for comfort. You tyr id you want, “ said the Wind to the Sun and he took himself up to the skies.

The Sun pushed through the dark clouds and shone down at the Traveller. He began to glow brighter and hotter. Everything shimmered around the Traveller. Even the road seemed to shine like a mirror.

The searing heat began to trouble the Traveller. Beads of perspiration stood out on his forehead. It trickled down his neck and wet his scarf. The Traveller loosened the knots and tugged off his scarf. Soon he self the sweat running down his back. He untied his cloak and threw himself down another tree.

" Ah, much better!" he said to himself as he wiped his forehead. "Aha!" laughed the Sun. "What do you say to that, my friend?" he asked the Wing. "The cloak has been removed!" he chuckled loudly.

The Wind grew quiet. He knew the right strategy had worked.

"I accept, O Sun, that you are more powerful," he said in a controlled voice. Once again, the sun shone with comfortable warmth and the wind blew gently about. The Traveller whistled a merry tune and continued on his journey.

Vocabulary:

snorted made a sound by forcing breath through the nose

surrender give up

howling making a long, loud sound

roared made a loud noise

clutched held tight

in vain without success

strategy skill of planning

Answer these question.

1. Why did the Sun and the Wind feel they were important?

They sere friends.

2. What did the two of them quarrel about?

Who are more powerful.

3. How did they decide to test their power?

Who can strip the traveller's cloak will win the game.

4. What did the wind do? Did he succeed?

He blew strong and hard wind but the traveller didn't take off his cloak.

5. What did the sun do? What was the result?

The sun shine up at the traveller and he strip his cloak.

6. who was the winner? What is your opinion of his strategy?

The sun win because the heat made the traveller so hot.

Choose the appropriate answers for these sentences.

1. The Sun and the wind oppose each other because
a. they rule the earth,
b. they are friends.
c. they are full of self-importance.
d. they are full of tricks.

2.The Wind lost the bet but he was
a. a graceful loser.
b. a deeply unhappy loser.
c. an angry loser.
d. an indifferent loser.

3.Fables have a moral. The best choice for the moral of this fable is
a. force always works.
b. hasty thinking yields good results.
c. threats works better than force.
d. the right strategy leads to success.

A turning Point in History (page 50-51)

A turning Point in History

On a cold morning on 17 December 1903, two young men faced one another on the windy beach of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina .After years of trail and testing, what was going to happen in the next few minutes could be possibly make them both famous and very rich. But neither of their of faces betrayed any excitement

They turned and looked at their dream project. An odd-looking framework of a machine with wings, partly covered in fabric, with a 12-horse power engine and two handmade propellers , stood before them. It had no landing wheels and rested on a trolley designed to run along a lunching platform. Orville Wright laid himself on the lower wing and the engine was started. The whole framework began to rattle and shudder. Wilbur Wright released the anchoring cable. The apparatus moved on its trolley and then the incredible happened. The plane lifted into the air and the tiny trolley beneath rolled off the run way, kicking up a little cloud of sand !

Although it was the birth of the first flying machine, this feat by ’ crazy Wright brothers’ was regarded as an impossible one. It was only in 1908 when the New York Herald’s news reporter watched for himself and wrote the story of a man and an engine flying ‘into the blue‘ that the world took notice. Man’s impossible conquest of the air had been achieved. The superb , self trained Wright engineers developed a very successful research strategy that helped them over many challenges in their quest. They worked thought a chain of seven experimental aircraft-one kite (1899), three gliders (1900,1901,1902) and three powered airplane (1903,1904,1905)-before they finally hit on the practical flying machine.

Their effort remains one of the most admirable human achievements realised by scientific temperament.

Their careful wind tunnel tests gave them accurate aeronautical data. This, in turn, helped them design and build wings and propellers more effective than any before. Their breakthrough invention-the three axis control-effectively enabled a pilot to steer an aircraft and maintain its equilibrium. Even today, it is a standard device on fixed-wing aircraft.

The invention of the airplane was thus a turning point in history. It changed the way in which wars were fought or travel and commerce were conducted and shaped a new world where survival and development would depend entirely on scientific and technical skills.

Vocabulary:

dream project favourite or most treasured scheme

propellers devices having a revolving hub with blades, for pushing an airplane, ship, etc.

trolley a small open metal cart operated on a track.

temperament nature or character

wind tunnel tests these tests are conducted to study wind speeds and the pressure they exert on structures.

breakthrough sudden successful development.

turning point important achievement

Complete these sentences.

1. The years of trial and testing by the Wright brothers refer to two young men faced one another on the windy beach of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

2. The dream project was odd-looking because its partly covered in fabric, with 12-horse power engine and two homemade propellers.

3. They were referred to as the crazy Wright brothers because they were regarded as an impossible one.

4. The world took notice of the Wright brothers only when they can fly in the air with their aircraft.

5. Having a scientific temperament means have a curiosity about science.

A Trip to the Woods (page 47-49)

A Trip to the Woods

The school had closed for the winter and the Scott family sat around the breakfast table chatting about what they could do for the vacation.

“You know what to do?” Ben asked suddenly.

“No,what?” asked his big brother Henry. He smiled because Ben always wanted to do strange things.

“I’d like to go up to the Oak Hill woods and spend a week in a tent. We could all go,” he said.

Grandfather Scott put down his coffee cup. “That’s a good idea. It’s too early for snow. You will enjoy it up there in this weather. You could so a lot of hiking in the woods and you might even be lucky to spot some wild deer or find new plants.”

“I’d love to go,” said Jennie. “We’ve never had an adventure in the cold weather before.”

“We can take Buddie too. It will be good to have a watch dog in the woods! This is just the kind of trip for him,”said Vanessa with a laugh.

Buddie pricked up his ears when his name was uttered. He wagged his tail and ran to Vanessa at once. Everybody laughed.

“What about food?” asked Henry. “You’ll be the first one to get hungry,Ben.”

“Oh, that will be part of the fun!” said Ben.”We can hike two miles a day to the little store on the other side of Oak Hill, There’s a clear path and we can’t miss the way. We can buy what we need at Nelson’s Store. I’m sure we can manage for a week.”

“Well, it wouldn’t suit me,” Said Grandfather,laughing. “I think I’ll stay at home. You children can go.”

“We’d love to have you come along,Grandfather’”said Vanessa.”Don’t you really want to go?”

“No my dear I really want to stay at home. I’ll drop you all in the car near the foothill and meet you in a week’s time to pick you up. We can plan that.”

So Jennie,Vanessa,Henry and Ben started out for the Oak Hill woods on a beautiful day. The sun shone on the bright red and yellow leaves of the maple trees, and the sky was very blud. Each of the children took a sleeping bad,knapsacks and tinned food.

They all wore thick clothes and packed a few extra ones for chilly winter nights.

The children big goodbye to Grandfather at the end of the woods. Buddie put his front paws on the door of the car and barked goodbye. He began to bark louder and jump about. He knew something different was going to happen. He was so glad to be out with his family. Grandfather Scott got out of the car and patted his head. “I’ll miss you, Buddie. Take care of the family. Remember, I’ll meet you all here in a week from today at ten o’clock in the morning.”

The children waved goodbye until the car was out of sight. Then they began the climb. The path was narrow so they walked in a line. Henry led the way. The woods smelled of evergreens and pine needles. Yellow and red leaves floated down all along the way.

“I can hardly wait to get there. Do you think we should munch on some biscuits as we go?” Ben said.

Henry chuckled. “Just keep on walking, Ben. We’ve only the trip. You’ll finish our stocks before we even set up camp!”

The children laughed out loud and the woods echoed with their songs and chatter.

Complete the sentences in your notebook.

1 . The children in the Scott family were Henry,Ben, Jennie and Vanessa.

2. Their school had closed for the winter.

3. Ben suggested that they go up to the Oak Hill woods and spend a week in a tent.

4. Ben’s idea to solve their food needs was they could buy things at Nelson's store.

5. Vanessa felt Buddie would enjoy going with them because it will be good to have a watch dog in the woods.

The Rainbow Chasers (page 52-53)




The Rainbow Chasers





They went to find the rainbow’s end:

‘It’s just a field away!

Please let us go. We promise

We’ll be back by the end of play.’

The teacher smiled, said, ‘Actually’

It’s raindrops in the sky.

You’ll find it doesn’t come to earth

Still, you could go and try

They went to find the rainbow’s end,

Quite certain that they could:

‘No, not this field, the next one though!

It’s just inside the wood.’

And so it was, and so it was,

A warm, calm floor of light;

They stepped into its radiance

And danced form sheer delight.

They went to find the rainbow’s end

Deep in a woodland glade;

Saw colours never seen before,

Then watched them slowly fade.

When they came back the teacher teased

‘Well, what’s the treasure worth?’

Serene, wide-eyed, a child replied,

‘This time it came to earth.’

Eric Finney



Woodland glade open space without trees in a forest

Serene calm and peaceful







 Answer these
questions.







1.      What/who was does ‘they’ refer to?

        The children.



2.      
What do they mean by ‘the end of play’?

        After going finding the rainbow end.



3       What are the words that tell you that the
children in the poem were very

       well behaved and the teacher was kind and
friendly?

       The teacher smiled, said, actually.



4.      
What did the children hope to find at the
rainbow’s end?

        Treasure.



5.      
What did the teacher say the rainbow’s was?

        The rainbow's was a warm, calm floor of light.



6.      
What did they actually find in the woods?

        The rainbow end.



7.      
How do we know that the children were not disappointed?

        They danced from sheer delight.